This lecture addresses the needs of the patient who may become pregnant in the next year and who may have underlying medical conditions or other risk factors, including but not limited to intimate partner violence, environmental risks, and other socioeconomic factors. It will consider the sequelae of chronic disease during pregnancy as well as appropriate medication to control these disorders in the parturient.

1. Define the term interpregnancy interval
2. Identify the reasons why preconceptional counseling is important to improving the health of patients who may become pregnant in the future
3. Discuss the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality in marginalized patients
4. Discuss management of pregnant patients with Hypertension, Hypothyroidism, and Pregestational diabetes mellitus.

This session explores the transitional era of menopause through a case-based approach, beginning with common complaints such as vasomotor instability, brain fog, and sexual dysfunction, alongside provider concerns including bone loss, cardiovascular risk, and weight gain. The Menopausal Rating Scale and STRAW criteria are reviewed to quantify symptoms and assess endocrine changes, including FSH and AMH fluctuations. Using the case of JJ, a 49-year-old woman presenting for initial evaluation, we examine appropriate lab testing strategies, emphasizing age-specific symptom interpretation and identifying when testing is essential. A review of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) and current North American Menopause Society (NAMS) statements provides context for hormone replacement therapy (HRT), including its benefits, risks, and contraindications. Treatment options are explored based on uterine status, estrogen and progestin types, and FDA-approved therapies. JJ’s case evolves with a new medical history, prompting a shift from systemic HRT to alternative strategies. Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) is addressed, with a focus on presentation and treatment options, including low-risk estrogen therapies. Non-hormonal therapies for patients with contraindications and guidance on HRT discontinuation are also discussed. Attendees will leave with practical tools and clinical insights to personalize menopausal care and optimize outcomes.

1. Identify the clinical manifestations and develop a comprehensive differential diagnosis for prevalent Otolaryngological disorders.
2. Critically appraise and synthesize published guidelines delineating evidence-based methodologies for the evaluation and management of these disorders.
3. Identify and effectively utilize evidence-based resources to support clinical decision-making and patient care.
4. Apply effective patient education strategies to enhance their understanding of medical conditions and promote shared decision-making. 

This presentation will consider major types of benign processes affecting the uterus and ovaries, including: leiomyomata uteri, adenomyosis, functional ovarian cysts, corpus luteum cysts, and ovarian torsion.

1. List the risk factors, signs, and symptoms of leiomyomata uteri, adenomyosis cysts, and ovarian torsion.
2. Identify findings during a physical exam and an on ultrasound or other radiologic studies.
3. List the ways in which racial disparities can affect the management of leiomyomata uteri in Black patients.